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february 2001 1 mic39500/39501 mic39500/39501 micrel ordering information part number voltage junction temp. range package mic39500-2.5bt 2.5v ?0 c to +125 c 3-lead to-220 mic39500-2.5bu 2.5v ?0 c to +125 c 3-lead to-263 mic39501-2.5bt 2.5v ?0 c to +125 c 5-lead to-220 mic39501-2.5bu 2.5v ?0 c to +125 c 5-lead to-263 mic39500-1.8bt 1.8v ?0 c to +125 c 3-lead to-220 mic39500-1.8bu 1.8v ?0 c to +125 c 3-lead to-263 mic39501-1.8bt 1.8v ?0 c to +125 c 5-lead to-220 mic39501-1.8bu 1.8v ?0 c to +125 c 5-lead to-263 mic39500/39501 5a cap low-voltage low-dropout regulator final information general description the mic39500 and mic39501 are 5a low-dropout linear voltage regulators that provide a low-voltage, high-current output with a minimum of external components. utilizing micrel? proprietary super eta pnp pass element, the mic39500/1 offers extremely low dropout (typically 400mv at 5a) and low ground current (typically 70ma at 5a). the mic39500/1 is ideal for pc add-in cards that need to convert from standard 2.5v or 3.3v, down to new, lower core voltages. a guaranteed maximum dropout voltage of 500mv over all operating conditions allows the mic39500/1 to pro- vide 2.5v from a supply as low as 3v or 1.8v from 2.5v. the mic39500/1 also has fast transient response, for heavy switching applications. the device requires only 47 f of output capacitance to maintain stability and achieve fast transient response the mic39500/1 is fully protected with overcurrent limiting, thermal shutdown, reversed-battery protection, reversed- lead insertion protection, and reversed-leakage protection. the mic39501 offers a ttl-logic-compatible enable pin and an error flag that indicates undervoltage and overcurrent conditions. offered in a fixed voltages, 1.8v and 2.5v, the mic39500/1 comes in the to-220 and to-263 packages and an ideal upgrade to older, npn-based linear voltage regula- tors. for applications requiring input voltage greater than 16v, see the mic29500/1/2/3 family. typical application in out gnd v in 3.3v v out 2.5v 1.0f 47f mic39500-2.5 mic39500 features 5a minimum guaranteed output current 400mv dropout voltage ideal for 3.0v to 2.5v conversion ideal for 2.5v to 1.8v conversion 1% initial accuracy low ground current current limiting and thermal shutdown reversed-battery and reversed-lead insertion protection reversed-leakage protection fast transient response to-263 and to-220 packages ttl/cmos compatible enable pin (mic39501 only) error flag output (mic39501 only) ceramic capacitor stable (see application information) applications low voltage digital ics ldo linear regulator for pc add-in cards high-efficiency linear power supplies smps post regulator multimedia and pc processor supplies low-voltage microcontrollers strongarm processor supply strongarm is a trademark of advanced risc machines, ltd. mic39501-2.5 flg out error flag output 47f en gnd in v out 2.5v 1.0f enable shutdown v in 3.3v 100k ? mic39501 micrel, inc. ?1849 fortune drive ?san jose, ca 95131 ?usa ?tel + 1 (408) 944-0800 ?fax + 1 (408) 944-0970 ?http://www.mic rel.com
mic39500/39501 micrel mic39500/39501 2 february 2001 pin description pin number pin number pin name pin function mic39500 mic39501 1 en enable (input): ttl/cmos compatible input. logic high = enable; logic low or open = shutdown 1 2 in unregulated input: +16v maximum supply. 2, tab 3, tab gnd ground: ground pin and tab are internally connected. 3 4 out regulator output 5 flg error flag (ouput): open collector output. active low indicates an output fault condition. pin configuration tab 3 out 2 gnd 1in mic39500-x.xbt to-220-3 (t) tab 5 flg 4 out 3 gnd 2in 1en mic39501-x.xbt to-220-5 (t) tab 3 out 2 gnd 1in mic39500-x.xbu to-263-3 (u) tab 5 flg 4 out 3 gnd 2in 1en mic39501-x.xbu to-263-5 (u)
february 2001 3 mic39500/39501 mic39500/39501 micrel absolute maximum ratings (note 1) supply voltage (v in ) ..................................... 20v to +20v enable voltage (v en ) .................................................. +20v storage temperature (t s ) ....................... 65 c to +150 c lead temperature (soldering, 5 sec.) ....................... 260 c esd, note 3 operating ratings (note 2) supply voltage (v in ) .................................. +2.25v to +16v enable voltage (v en ) .................................................. +16v maximum power dissipation (p d(max) ) ..................... note 4 junction temperature (t j ) ....................... 40 c to +125 c package thermal resistance to-263 ( jc ) ......................................................... 2 c/w to-220 ( jc ) ......................................................... 2 c/w electrical characteristics t j = 25 c, bold values indicate 40 c t j +125 c; unless noted symbol parameter condition min typ max units v out output voltage 10ma 11% 10ma i out 5a, v out + 1v v in 16v ? 2 % line regulation i out = 10ma, v out + 1v v in 16v 0.06 0.5 % load regulation v in = v out + 1v, 10ma i out 5a 0.2 1 % ? v out / ? t output voltage temp. coefficient, 20 100 ppm/ c note 5 v do dropout voltage, note 6 i out = 250ma, ? v out = 2% 125 250 mv i out = 2.5a, ? v out = 2% 320 mv i out = 5a, ? v out = 2% 400 575 mv i gnd ground current, note 7 i out = 2.5a, v in = v out + 1v 15 50 ma i out = 5a, v in = v out + 1v 70 ma i gnd(do) dropout ground pin current v in v out(nominal) 0.5v, i out = 10ma 2.1 ma i out(lim) current limit v out = 0v, v in = v out + 1v 7.5 a e n output noise voltage c out = 47 f, i out = 100ma, 10hz to 100khz 260 v(rms) enable input (mic39501) v en enable input voltage logic low (off) 0.8 v logic high (on) 2.25 v i in enable input current v en = v in 30 35 a 75 a v en = 0.8v 2 a 4 a i out(shdn) shutdown output current note 8 10 20 a flag output (mic39501) i flg(leak) output leakage current v oh = 16v 0.01 1 a 2 a v flg(do) output low voltage v in = 2.250v, i ol , = 250 a, note 9 180 300 mv 400 mv low threshold 1% of v out 93 % v flg high threshold 1% of v out 99.2 % hysteresis 1% note 1. exceeding the absolute maximum ratings may damage the device. note 2. the device is not guaranteed to function outside its operating rating. note 3. devices are esd sensitive. handling precautions recommended. note 4. p d(max) = (t j(max) t a ) ja , where ja depends upon the printed circuit layout. see applications information. note 5. output voltage temperature coefficient is ? v out(worst case) (t j(max) t j(min) ) where t j(max) is +125 c and t j(min) is 40 c. note 6. v do = v in v out when v out decreases to 98% of its nominal output voltage with v in = v out + 1v. for voltages below 2.25v, dropout voltage is the input-to-output voltage differential with the minimum input voltage being 2.25v. minimum input operating voltage is 2.25v.
mic39500/39501 micrel mic39500/39501 4 february 2001 note 7. i gnd is the quiescent current. i in = i gnd + i out . note 8. v en 0.8v, v in 8v, and v out = 0v note 9. for a 2.5v device, v in = 2.250v (device is in dropout).
february 2001 5 mic39500/39501 mic39500/39501 micrel typical characteristics 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 1e+1 1e+2 1e+3 1e+4 1e+5 1e+6 psrr (db) frequency (hz) power supply rejection ratio c in = 0 c out = 47 f tant v in = 3.3v v out = 2.5v i load = 5a 10 100 1k 10k 100k 1m 10m 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 1e+1 1e+2 1e+3 1e+4 1e+5 1e+6 psrr (db) frequency (hz) power supply rejection ratio c in = 0 c out = 100 f ceramic 10 100 1k 10k 100k 1m 10m v in = 3.3v v out = 2.5v i load = 5a 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500 4000 4500 5000 dropout voltage (mv) output current (ma) dropout voltage vs. output current v out = 2.5v v out = 1.8v 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 -40 -20 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 dropout voltage (mv) temperature ( c) dropout voltage vs. temperature i load = 5a v out = 2.5v v out = 1.8v 1.4 1.6 1.8 2 2.2 2.4 2.6 2.8 1.4 1.6 1.8 2.0 2.2 2.4 2.6 2.8 3.0 3.2 3.4 3.6 output voltage (v) input voltage (v) dropout characteristics i load = 2.5a i load = 100ma i load = 5a 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500 4000 4500 5000 ground current (ma) output current (ma) ground current vs. output current v out = 2.5v v in =v out +1v v out = 1.8v 0.0 2.0 4.0 6.0 8.0 10.0 12.0 012345678910 ground current (ma) supply voltage (v) ground current vs. supply voltage i load = 10ma i load = 100ma 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 0246810 ground current (ma) supply voltage (v) ground current vs. supply voltage i load = 5.0a i load = 2.5a i load = 2.0a 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 -40 -20 0 20 40 60 80 100120140 ground current (ma) temperature ( c) ground current vs. temperature v out = 1.8v v out = 2.5v i load = 10ma v in = v out + 1v 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 -40 -20 0 20 40 60 80 100120140 ground current (ma) temperature ( c) ground current vs. temperature v out = 2.5v i load = 2.5a v in = v out + 1v v out = 1.8v 0 10.0 20.0 30.0 40.0 50.0 60.0 70.0 80.0 -40 -20 0 20 40 60 80 100120140 ground current (ma) temperature ( c) ground current vs. temperature i load = 5a v in = v out = 1v v out = 1.8v v out = 2.5v 0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0 6.0 7.0 8.0 9.0 10.0 -40 -20 0 20 40 60 80 100120140 short circuit current (a) temperature ( c) short circuit current vs. temperature v in = v out + 1v typical 1.8v device typical 2.5v device
mic39500/39501 micrel mic39500/39501 6 february 2001 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 0.001 0.01 0.1 1 10 100 1000 10000 100000 flag voltage (v) resistance (k ? ) error fla g pull-up resistor flag_high (ok) flag_low (fault) 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 -40 -20 0 20 40 60 80 100120140 enable current ( a) temperature ( c) enable current vs. temperature v en = 2.25v v in = v out + 1v 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 -40 -20 0 20 40 60 80 100120140 flag voltage (v) temperature ( c) flag low voltage vs. temperature v in = 2.8v r pull-up = 22k ? load transient response time (100 s/div) output voltage (50mv/div) load current (2a/div) v in = 3.3v v out = 2.5v c in = 22 f tantalum c out = 47 f tantalum 5.0a 100ma load transient response time (100 s/div) output voltage (50mv/div) load current (2a/div) v in = 3.3v v out = 2.5v c in = 22 f tantalum c out = 47 f tantalum 5.0a 10ma line transient response time (500 s/div) output voltage (500mv/div) input voltage (2v/div) c in = 22 f tantalum c out = 47 f tantalum i l = 10ma v out = 2.5v 6.0v 3.0v
february 2001 7 mic39500/39501 mic39500/39501 micrel functional diagram ref. 18v o.v. i limit thermal shut- down 1.240v 1.180v en* in flag* gnd out * mic39501 only
mic39500/39501 micrel mic39500/39501 8 february 2001 applications information the mic39500/1 is a high-performance low-dropout voltage regulator suitable for moderate to high-current voltage regu- lator applications. its 400mv dropout voltage at full load makes it especially valuable in battery-powered systems and as a high-efficiency noise filter in post-regulator applications. unlike older npn-pass transistor designs, where the mini- mum dropout voltage is limited by the base-to-emitter voltage drop and collector-to-emitter saturation voltage, dropout per- formance of the pnp output of these devices is limited only by the low v ce saturation voltage. a trade-off for the low dropout voltage is a varying base drive requirement. micrel s super eta pnp process reduces this drive requirement to only 2% to 5% of the load current. the mic39500/1 regulator is fully protected from damage due to fault conditions. current limiting is provided. this limiting is linear; output current during overload conditions is constant. thermal shutdown disables the device when the die temperature exceeds the maximum safe operating tem- perature. transient protection allows device (and load) sur- vival even when the input voltage spikes above and below nominal. the output structure of these regulators allows voltages in excess of the desired output voltage to be applied without reverse current flow. mic39500-x.x in out gnd c in c out v in v out figure 1. capacitor requirements thermal design linear regulators are simple to use. the most complicated design parameters to consider are thermal characteristics. thermal design requires four application-specific param- eters: maximum ambient temperature (t a ) output current (i out ) output voltage (v out ) input voltage (v in ) ground current (i gnd ) calculate the power dissipation of the regulator from these numbers and the device parameters from this datasheet, where the ground current is taken from data sheet. p d = (v in v out ) i out + v in i gnd the heat sink thermal resistance is determined by: ?? sa j(max) a d jc cs tt p = ? ?+ () where: t j (max) 125 c and cs is between 0 and 2 c/w. the heat sink may be significantly reduced in applications where the minimum input voltage is known and is large compared with the dropout voltage. use a series input resistor to drop excessive voltage and distribute the heat between this resistor and the regulator. the low-dropout properties of micrel super eta pnp regulators allow signifi- cant reductions in regulator power dissipation and the asso- ciated heat sink without compromising performance. when this technique is employed, a capacitor of at least 1 f is needed directly between the input and regulator ground. refer to application note 9 for further details and examples on thermal design and heat sink specification. output capacitor the mic39500/1 requires an output capacitor to maintain stability and improve transient response. proper capacitor selection is important to ensure proper operation. the mic39500/1 output capacitor selection is dependent upon the esr (equivalent series resistance) of the output capacitor to maintain stability. when the output capacitor is 47 f or greater, the output capacitor should have less than 1 ? of esr. this will improve transient response as well as promote stability. ultra-low-esr capacitors, such as ceramic chip capacitors may promote instability. these very low esr levels may cause an oscillation and/or underdamped tran- sient response. when larger capacitors are used, the esr requirement approaches zero. a 100 f ceramic capacitor can be used on the output while maintaining stability. a low- esr 47 f solid tantalum capacitor works extremely well and provides good transient response and stability over tempera- ture. aluminum electrolytics can also be used, as long as the esr of the capacitor is < 1 ? . the value of the output capacitor can be increased without limit. higher capacitance values help to improve transient response and ripple rejection and reduce output noise. input capacitor an input capacitor of 1 f or greater is recommended when the device is more than 4 inches away from the bulk ac supply capacitance, or when the supply is a battery. small surface- mount ceramic chip capacitors can be used for bypassing. larger values will help to improve ripple rejection by bypass- ing the input to the regulator, further improving the integrity of the output voltage. transient response and 3.3v to 2.5v or 2.5v to 1.8v conversion the mic39500/1 has excellent transient response to varia- tions in input voltage and load current. the device has been designed to respond quickly to load current variations and input voltage variations. large output capacitors are not required to obtain this performance. a standard 47 f output capacitor, preferably tantalum, is all that is required. larger values improve performance even further. by virtue of its low-dropout voltage, this device does not saturate into dropout as readily as similar npn-based de- signs. when converting from 3.3v to 2.5v, or 2.5v to 1.8v, the npn-based regulators are already operating in dropout, with typical dropout requirements of 1.2v or greater. to convert down to 2.5v without operating in dropout, npn-
february 2001 9 mic39500/39501 mic39500/39501 micrel based regulators require an input voltage of 3.7v at the very least. the mic39500/1 regulator provides excellent perfor- mance with an input as low as 3.0v or 2.5v respectively. this gives pnp-based regulators a distinct advantage over older, npn-based linear regulators. a typical npn regulator does not have the headroom to do this conversion. minimum load current the mic39500/1 regulator is specified between finite loads. if the output current is too small, leakage currents dominate and the output voltage rises. a 10ma minimum load current is necessary for proper regulation. error flag the mic39501 version features an error flag circuit which monitors the output voltage and signals an error condition when the voltage 5% below the nominal output voltage. the error flag is an open-collector output that can sink 10ma during a fault condition. low output voltage can be caused by a number of problems, including an overcurrent fault (device in current limit) or low input voltage. the flag is inoperative during overtemperature shutdown. when the error flag is not used, it is best to leave it open. the flag pin can be tied directly to pin 4, the output pin. enable input the mic39501 version features an enable input for on/off control of the device. its shutdown state draws zero current (only microamperes of leakage). the enable input is ttl/ cmos compatible for simple logic interface, but can be connected to up to 20v.
mic39500/39501 micrel mic39500/39501 10 february 2001 package information 0.360 0.005 0.600 0.025 0.405 0.005 0.100 bsc 0.050 0.050 0.005 0.176 0.005 8 max 0.100 0.01 0.050 0.005 0.015 0.002 0.004 +0.004 0.008 seating plane 0.065 0.010 20 2 dim. = inch 3-lead to-263 (u) 0.018 0.008 (0.46 0.020) 0.100 0.005 (2.54 0.13) 0.030 0.003 (0.76 0.08) 0.050 0.003 (1.27 .08) 7 1.140 0.010 (28.96 0.25) 0.356 0.005 (9.04 0.13) 0.590 0.005 (14.99 0.13) 0.108 0.005 (2.74 0.13) 0.050 0.005 (1.27 0.13) 0.151 d 0.005 (3.84 d 0.13) 0.410 0.010 (10.41 0.25) 0.176 0.005 (4.47 0.13) 0.100 0.020 (2.54 0.51) 0.818 0.005 (20.78 0.13) 7 3 dimensions: inch (mm) 3-lead to-220 (t)
february 2001 11 mic39500/39501 mic39500/39501 micrel 0.067 0.005 0.032 0.003 0.360 0.005 0.600 0.025 0.405 0.005 0.060 0.005 0.176 0.005 8 max 0.100 0.01 0.050 0.005 0.015 0.002 0.004 +0.004 0.008 seating plane 0.065 0.010 20 2 dim. = inch 5-lead to-263-5 (u) 0.018 0.008 (0.46 0.20) 0.268 ref (6.81 ref) 0.032 0.005 (0.81 0.13) 0.550 0.010 (13.97 0.25) 7 typ. seating plane 0.578 0.018 (14.68 0.46) 0.108 0.005 (2.74 0.13) 0.050 0.005 (1.27 0.13) 0.150 d 0.005 (3.81 d 0.13) 0.400 0.015 (10.16 0.38) 0.177 0.008 (4.50 0.20) 0.103 0.013 (2.62 0.33) 0.241 0.017 (6.12 0.43) 0.067 0.005 (1.70 0.127) inch (mm) dimensions: 5-lead to-220 (t) micrel inc. 1849 fortune drive san jose, ca 95131 usa tel + 1 (408) 944-0800 fax + 1 (408) 944-0970 web http://www.micrel.com this information is believed to be accurate and reliable, however no responsibility is assumed by micrel for its use nor for an y infringement of patents or other rights of third parties resulting from its use. no license is granted by implication or otherwise under any patent or pat ent right of micrel inc. ? 2001 micrel incorporated

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